1. Doppler effect. A police car approaches you. According to the siren's manufacturer, the frequency is 1000 Hz. How would the frequency change if you were located:
a. behind the car as it passed you
b. in front of the car as it approached you
c. in the car
d. running toward the car, if it were at rest
e. running away from the car, if it were at rest
2. What does the red shift of distant galaxies suggest?
3. What do red shift and blue shift mean?
4. Explain the Doppler effect.
5. Consider a 320 Hz note (E, approximately). What is the frequency of:
a. the next E (one octave above)
b. the E one octave below
c. an E that is 3 octaves above
d. an F, one semi-tone above
e. a G, three semi-tones above
(You don't have to calculate these, but show how it would be done.)
6. Explain the idea of reflection (of light). What is the 'law of reflection'?
7. What happens during refraction? What changes exactly? (Hint: more than one thing could change during refraction.)
8. Light goes from air into a rectangular piece of glass. If the light hits the glass at an angle of 45 degrees (with respect to the normal line), how is it refracted inside the glass? Draw this situation. Would the refraction angle be greater than, less than or the same as 45 degrees?
9. Light passes from water into air - basically the opposite of the previous problem. Light hits the surface of the water (from below) at an angle of 45 degrees. Revisit the previous problem and answer/draw what is expected.
* Problem 9 can refer to "total internal reflection", or what happens when light hits the surface INSIDE the substance (water, plexiglas, etc.) at angle too great to leave. This phenomenon allows for fiber optics, as well as strange effects seen when you look into an aquarium.
10. Draw what is expected when parallel rays of light hit:
a. convex lens
b. concave lens
c. convex mirror
d. concave mirror
e. flat mirror
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